The uterus is a fascinating organ that constantly changes, not only throughout the menstrual cycle but also during different stages of life. From adolescence to menopause, its size, thickness, and functions vary in response to hormones.
It is common to hear that during the menstrual cycle, the uterus can be as small as a tangerine and, in other phases, grow to the size of an orange. These changes can affect weight, fluid retention, and abdominal sensations. The most important thing is to understand that these fluctuations are completely normal, and there is no need to obsess over the number on the scale.
In this article, we explore how the uterus evolves in each phase of the cycle and throughout life, its impact on weight, and tips for monitoring body changes without unnecessary worries.
Before Menarche (First Menstruation): The Growing Uterus.
Before the first menstruation, the uterus is small, usually about 2-3 cm in length, and its inner lining (endometrium) is very thin. As a girl’s body approaches puberty, estrogen levels increase, leading to:
Growth of the uterus until it reaches adult size, approximately 7-8 cm.
Development of the endometrium, preparing for the first menstruation.
The appearance of irregular cycles, as the hormonal axis is still adjusting.
The Uterus During the Menstrual Cycle.
1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5 approx.) – The Small but Active Uterus
The first day of menstruation marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle, meaning the day bleeding starts. During this phase, the uterus contracts to shed the endometrium, which may cause cramping.
How does this affect the body?
There may be a slight weight decrease due to the elimination of fluids and tissues.
Some women feel their abdomen is flatter because of reduced fluid retention.
2. Follicular Phase (Days 6-14 approx.) – Growth and Preparation.
After menstruation, the uterus begins to regenerate its endometrium. During this phase:
The uterus slightly increases in size.
The body feels lighter and more energized.
Fluid retention is low, keeping weight stable.
3. Ovulation (Around Day 14) – Expansion and Noticeable Changes
As ovulation approaches, the uterus continues to grow, and the endometrium thickens.
How does this affect the body?
A slight abdominal bloating may be felt.
A mild weight increase may occur due to fluid retention.
4. Luteal Phase (Days 15-28 approx.) – The Uterus at Its Maximum Expansion
After ovulation, progesterone causes the endometrium to continue thickening, making the uterus reach its largest size.
How does this affect the body?
Temporary weight gain (0.5 to 2 kg) due to fluid retention.
Abdominal bloating and breast tenderness.
If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium sheds, and the uterus shrinks again with menstruation.
The Uterus During Pregnancy.
During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes extraordinary changes to accommodate the growing fetus. These changes include:
1. First Trimester.
-The uterus begins to grow and expand to accommodate the embryo.
-The endometrium thickens and forms the placenta, which nourishes the fetus.
-The uterus can grow to the size of a grapefruit.
2.Second Trimester.
-The uterus continues to grow and rises into the abdomen.
-The uterine ligaments stretch to support the expanding uterus.
-The uterus can reach the size of a small melon.
3. Third Trimester.
-The uterus reaches its maximum size, occupying most of the abdomen.
-The cervix softens and prepares for labor.
-The uterus can grow up to 30 cm in length and weigh around 1 kg.
After Birth.
-After childbirth, the uterus begins to contract and gradually returns to its original size.
This process, known as uterine involution, can take several weeks.
The Uterus with Hormonal Contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill, vaginal ring, or hormonal IUD, affect the menstrual cycle by maintaining constant hormone levels. This leads to:
-A smaller uterus and a thinner endometrium, which reduces or eliminates bleeding.
-Fewer weight fluctuations due to hormonal stability.
-Reduced premenstrual symptoms, such as bloating or fluid retention.
Perimenopause and Menopause: The Uterus in Transition.
From ages 40-50, the uterus begins to change due to the gradual decline in estrogen levels.
Perimenopause (Hormonal Transition).
-Menstrual cycles may become more irregular.
-The uterus may change in size in response to hormonal fluctuations.
-Fluid retention may temporarily increase, affecting weight.
Menopause (End of Menstruation)
-The uterus shrinks since the endometrium no longer thickens monthly.
-Fluid retention decreases, which can help stabilize weight.
-Tissue elasticity declines, potentially altering abdominal shape.
When and How to Compare Weight Reliably
Since a woman's weight can fluctuate between 0.5 and 2 kg throughout the cycle, it’s important not to obsess over daily changes. To get a more accurate measurement:
✔ Weigh yourself once a month, always during the same phase of the cycle, preferably in the follicular phase (days 5-10), when fluid retention is lower.
✔ Avoid weighing yourself during the luteal or premenstrual phase, as weight may be higher due to bloating.
✔ Ignore fluctuations of less than 2 kg, as they are due to water retention, not fat.
Conclusion: Your Body Changes, but It Always Works in Your Favor.
The uterus changes throughout the menstrual cycle and life, influencing weight and body perception. However, these changes are natural and should not be a cause for concern.
If you experience excessive bloating, significant cycle irregularities, or uncomfortable symptoms, consult a specialist.
At Mater Clinic, our gynecology experts can help you better understand your cycle and provide personalized tools and treatments to help you feel balanced and improve your hormonal well-being.
Your body evolves—learn to listen to it and take care of it without obsessing!
If you have any questions or would like more information, contact us at care@mater.clinic or visit our website www.mater.clinic.
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